An oddball dino unlike anything we’ve seen before has recently been unearthed in the Gobi Desert, and it has some pretty claw-some features. Paleontologists have discovered a new, peculiar species of dinosaur most notable for having two enormous claws on each hand: Duonychus tsogtbaatari. The Duonychus part of that name means “two claws,” and the tsogtbaatari part honors Mongolian paleontologist Khishigjav Tsogtbataar.
The fossil was found in the Bayanshiree formation of the Gobi Desert and dates back to 90 to 96 million years ago. Scientists believe Duonychus was a beaked, probably feathered dinosaur that likely stood about 10 feet tall.
Duonychus belonged to the bizarre therizinosaurs, a group of long-necked bipedal dinosaurs that were actually mostly herbivorous despite their fearsome claws. Those claws could no doubt be used for self-defense, but likely served the more common purpose of grasping hard-to-reach vegetation. For its part, Duonychus had massive, curved claws that were a foot long each, perfect for hooking and pulling in high branches. It would then bring the plants to its likely leaf-shaped teeth to crunch and consume.
Now, what sets Duonychus apart from the rest of its peculiar therizinosaur brethren is its unusual number of digits. While most therizinosaurs had three claws, Duonychus only had two.
And why is this exciting news for the rest of the therizinosaur community? The discovery of Duonychus means that the therizinosaurs can now join the exclusive theropod club of rare two-fingered dinos, which most famously features T. Rex, the fan favorite.
Another thing that’s special about this Duonychus fossil is that despite missing its skull and legs, it’s exceptionally well-preserved. One of the claws still sports a keratin cover, and that’s amazing because keratin usually decays a long time before bone does, resulting in it being much more difficult to fossilize. What this means is that the usual “claws” we see on dinosaur skeletons are only the bony core. But the preserved keratin over one of the Duonychus’s claws reveals that its talons would’ve been up to 40% larger on a Duonychus that was still alive and kicking.
You can read more about the study published on this wild finding here. Dinosaurs really just keep getting cooler.